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21. Reine Colaço-Osorio-Swaab

    Reine Colaço-Osorio-Swaab 1881

    102309 Reintje (Reine) Swaab was born in Amsterdam, Geldersekade; the youngest of five children in a wealthy Jewish family. A servant accompanied her to kindergarten at the nearby Nieuwmarkt. She spent …

22. Johanna Bordewijk-Roepman

    Johanna Bordewijk-Roepman 1892

    100005 Unique self-taught professional Johanna Suzanna Hendrina Roepman was born in Rotterdam on August 4, 1892, the second of three daughters of pharmacist Maarten Adrianus Roepman and Elisabeth …

23. Jan van Gilse

    Jan van Gilse 1881

    100024 A turbulent life between sword and lyre Jan Pieter Hendrik van Gilse was born in Rotterdam on May 11, 1881, the youngest son of Jan Albert van Gilse and Maria Auguste Höckelmann. He had two …

24. Paul Sanders

    Paul Sanders 1891

    102805 All-round musician and political visionary Paul Florus Sanders was born on December 21, 1891, the son of Rosalie Sanders-Levenbach and Benjamin Sanders, an Amsterdam-based stockbroker. His …

25. Ignace Lilien

    Ignace Lilien 1897

    100747 Cosmopolitan in a boundless musical universe Ignace Lilien was born on May 29, 1897, in multi-cultural Lemberg, at that time an Austrian city where Poles, Ukrainians and Jews were the largest …

26. Paul Seelig

    Paul Seelig 1876

    101242 Specialist in music of the Dutch East Indies Paul Seelig was born in Dortmund in 1876, the oldest in a family of seven children. The family lived in Breda, in the Netherlands, where his …

27. Marius Flothuis

    Marius Flothuis 1914

    100022 Composer, scholar, humanist Marius Flothuis, born on October 30, 1914, in an Amsterdam apartment on the corner of Ruysdaelstraat and Hondecoeterstraat, was raised in a well-to-do family. His …

28. Max Vredenburg

    Max Vredenburg 1904

    101245 Honest and tireless Max David Vredenburg was born in Brussels on January 16, 1904, and was raised in a Dutch-Jewish family. With the looming threat of war, they fled to The Hague. Max was …

29. Marjo Tal

    Marjo Tal 1915

    100692 A Vesuvius in music Marjo Tal was born in The Hague on January 15, 1915, the eldest of three daughters in a liberal Jewish family of orthodox origin. Very early on she showed musical talent …

30. Wilhelm Rettich

    Wilhelm Rettich 1892

    101240 A Survival Artist He was born in Leipzig in 1892, the son of Isidor Rettich, a merchant and Rosa Idelsohn. His parents wanted him to become a doctor, but he knew early on that music was his …